Numerical investigation on cooling cylindrical lithium-ion-battery by using different types of nanofluids in an innovative cooling system

Temperature is known to greatly affect the efficiency, security, and cycle life of lithium-ion battery (LiB) cells. LiB cells are delicate to changes in temperature by using a variety of nanofluids. This study uses a novel cooling system with a Re between 15 × 103 and 30 × 103 to lower the cells' temperature. Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and ZnO with nanoparticles concentrations of 5% and nanoparticle diameters of 20 nm dispersed in a base liquid (water) are used to produce the effects. The findings demonstrate that as the Re rises, so does the Nusselt number. An innovative cooling system is designed and numerically tested to show how different kinds of nanofluids affect the increment in heat transmission and distribution of temperature in LiB cells. The temperature of LiB cells drops by flowing the water between the 52 batteries inside the cooling pack. For each spacing value, the Reynolds numbers are increased, which results in an increase in the average Nusselt numbers. According to the computational fluids dynamics results, the Nusselt number rises with increasing spacing. The results show that Re of 18000, 22000, 25000, 27500, and >30000 are needed for SiO2 nanofluids, Al2O3 nanofluids, ZnO nanofluids, CuO nanofluids, and pure water, respectively, to get battery pack temperature of <40 °C (the typical operating conditions). Higher Re values improve the heat transfer slightly with the expense of pumping power; therefore, Re of 18000 with SiO2 nanofluids is preferred. The utilization of nanofluids also shows that SiO2 exhibits the best thermal cooling for battery packs among all investigated nanofluids. Al2O3 nanofluid is also an excellent option, followed by ZnO nanofluid. For example, the temperature reduction of the hottest battery cell reaches >47, 44, 43, 42, and 42 °C for SiO2 nanofluids, Al2O3 nanofluids, ZnO nanofluids, CuO nanofluids, and pure water, respectively.