Contribution of yeast and its biomass for the preparation of industrially essential materials: A boon to circular economy

Yeast biomass, a valuable byproduct of various industrial processes, can help in minimizing the environmental impact of industries by reducing the use of non-renewable resources and the generation of waste while offering tremendous potential for a wide range of applications in the circular economy. This review paper examines the diverse uses of yeast biomass and highlights its role in promoting sustainability across different sectors. With its rich composition of proteins, carbohydrates, and essential nutrients, yeast biomass has emerged as an attractive feedstock for multiple purposes. In the realm of bioenergy, yeast biomass can be used for production of biofuels such as bioethanol and biogas, reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and fostering a more sustainable energy system. Additionally, yeast biomass has proven to be a sustainable and nutritious animal feed, mitigating the environmental impact of conventional feed ingredients while effectively repurposing industrial waste. Yeast can also be metabolically engineered for the production of bio-based materials, like bioplastic, enabling the shift towards a more environmentally friendly materials economy. The review explores the potential of yeast biomass as a biofertilizer, promoting plant growth while reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Moreover, the nutritional benefit of yeast as a supplement is discussed. Additionally, the role of yeast biomass in bioremediation, showcasing its efficacy in removing pollutants from wastewater and contaminated soil is described. Finally, the remarkable progress made in genetic engineering of yeast, enabling the manipulation of DNA and the rewiring of cellular networks to optimize metabolite fluxes and produce valuable compounds is explored. The integration of yeast biomass in various sectors contributes to a more sustainable and efficient utilization of resources. Further research and development in this field will undoubtedly unveil new opportunities and novel applications for yeast biomass, enabling a transition towards a more sustainable and circular future.