Cross-Spatial Pixel Integration and Cross-Stage Feature Fusion-Based Transformer Network for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution

Remote sensing image super-resolution (RSISR) plays a vital role in enhancing spatial details and improving the quality of satellite imagery. Recently, Transformer-based models have shown competitive performance in RSISR. To mitigate the quadratic computational complexity resulting from global self-attention, various methods constrain attention to a local window, enhancing its efficiency. Consequently, the receptive fields in a single attention layer are inadequate, leading to insufficient context modeling. Furthermore, while most transformer-based approaches reuse shallow features through skip connections, relying solely on these connections treats shallow and deep features equally, impeding the model's ability to characterize them. To address these issues, we propose a novel transformer architecture called cross-spatial pixel integration and cross-stage feature fusion-based transformer network (SPIFFNet) for RSISR. Our proposed model effectively enhances context cognition and understanding of the entire image, facilitating efficient integration of cross-stage features. The model incorporates cross-spatial pixel integration attention (CSPIA) to introduce contextual information into a local window, while cross-stage feature fusion attention (CSFFA) adaptively fuses features from the previous stage to improve feature expression in line with the requirements of the current stage. We conducted comprehensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets, demonstrating the superior performance of our proposed SPIFFNet in terms of both quantitative metrics and visual quality when compared to state-of-the-art methods. Our code is available at https://github.com/Dr-Lyt/SPIFFNet.