Viscoelasticity measured by shear wave elastography in a rat model of NAFLD: comparison with dynamic mechanical analysis

Abstract Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming one of the most common liver diseases. Ultrasound elastography has been used for the diagnosis of NAFLD. However, clinical research on steatosis by elastography technology has mainly focused on steatosis with fibrosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), while steatosis without fibrosis has been poorly studied. Moreover, the relationship between liver viscoelasticity and steatosis grade is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the degree of liver steatosis in a simple steatosis rat model using shear wave elastography (SWE). Results: The viscoelasticity values of 69 rats with hepatic steatosis were measured quantitatively by SWE in vivo and validated by a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test. Pathological sections were used to determine the steatosis grading for each rat. The results showed that the elasticity values obtained by the two methods followed the same trend, and the elasticity is significantly correlated with liver steatosis. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients indicate that elasticity obtained by SWE is positively linear correlated with DMA (r = 0.628, p = 7.85×10 -9 ) Conclusion: SWE might have the feasibility to be introduced as an auxiliary technique for NAFLD patients in clinical settings. However, the viscosity results measured by the two methods are significantly different because the two methods work in different frequency bands.