Robust Optogenetic Inhibition with Red-light-sensitive Anion-conducting Channelrhodopsins
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)(2024)
Abstract
Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated ion channels widely used to optically activate or silence selected electrogenic cells, such as individual brain neurons. Here, we describe identifying and characterizing a set of anion-conducting ChRs (ACRs) from diverse taxa and representing various branches of the ChR phylogenetic tree. The Mantoniella squamata ACR (MsACR1) showed high sensitivity to yellow-green light (𝜆max at 555 nm) and was further engineered for optogenetic applications. A single amino-acid substitution that mimicked red-light sensitive rhodopsins like Chrimson shifted the photosensitivity 20 nm towards red light and accelerated photocurrent kinetics. Hence, it was named red and accelerated ACR, raACR. Both wild-type and mutant are capable optical silencers at low light intensities in mouse neurons in vitro and in vivo, while raACR offers a higher temporal resolution.
### Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
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Key words
robust optogenetic inhibition,channelrhodopsins,red-light-sensitive,anion-conducting
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