Human Gingiva-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Osteogenic Differentiation via Suppressing T Cell Biological Activity

Abstract Background: Accumulating evidence has revealed that human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are emerging as a new line of mesenchymal stem cells and have a robust immune regulatory function and regenerative ability. However, the relationship between immune regulatory function and regenerative ability is unclear, whether GMSCs promoted osteoblastic differentiation by regulating immune cells. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effect of GMSCs regulating T-cell biological activity on osteoblasts in a direct contact co-culture system. GMSCs and T-cell were co-cultured, the co-culture supernatant was collected and acted on MC3T3-E1 cells, then the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red staining, Immunofluorescence staining, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of osteogenic genes were detected to evaluated the osteogenesis differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Results: Our results demonstrated that GMSCs could suppress the activated T-cell function by downregulation pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and Tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Meanwhile, the co-culture supernatant significantly increased osteogenic differentiation of ME3T3-E1.Conclusion: GMSCs could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by inhibiting the biological activity of activated T-cell.