Prevalence and risk factors of asthma among 6-12-year-old schoolchildren in a metropolitan environment – a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study

Abstract Background A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted in primary schools located in the capital of Hungary. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of asthma and its risk factors within a 6-12-year-old population.Methods After meeting selection criteria, 3836 eligible parent-reported questionnaires were evaluated. The survey included the ISAAC phase three core questions for asthma and assessed the association with other atopic conditions and various environmental, lifestyle and nutritional risk factors.Results Cumulative asthma had a prevalence of 12.6% among the sampled population, with a girl-boy percentage of 37.4–62.6%. The proximity of any air-polluting factories, heavy-vehicle traffic and weedy area associated with greater risk for asthma while a suburban residence showed lesser odds (odds ratios were 1.3319, 1.2883, 1.3939 and 0.6390 respectively). Indoor smoking, visible mould, and keeping a dog were defined as risk factors for asthma (odds ratios: 1.6509, 2.1282, 1.4362), while the presence of a plant in the bedroom and pet rodents associated with lower odds ratios (0.7884, 0.7231 respectively). The consumption of fast food, beverages containing additives and margarine were significantly higher in asthmatics (odds ratios 1.7488, 1.2669, 1.3549), while we found frequent sport activity (0.6883) and cereal intake (0.5403) had favorable odds ratios for asthma.Conclusions Some of the obtained results have confirmed the outcomes of previous similar epidemiological studies, while in other cases, differences were found. These differences could have been a natural consequence of regional variability and other undiscovered factors; however, the correct evaluation of these controversial results require further investigation in the future. The current data can serve as a milestone for a prospective trial. Having the findings of this study, we can articulate recommendations for the public regarding the most common risk factors of asthma that should be avoided at home and in our surroundings and how to transform our daily habits for a prosperous future.