Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of global ports resilience under Pandemic: a case study of COVID-19

As a major global public health emergency, the COVID-19 epidemic has had a significant impact on the development of the global port operation. Based on the data from 1 January 20191 January 2019 to 31 December 202231 December 2022, this study utilizes the global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation to measure and evaluate the resistance and resilience of global ports. From the outcomes, we find that the overall level of resistance and resilience for the global ports is relatively low, further have not been effectively restored and adjusted, and the resilience of ports in the world is generally heterogeneous. In addition, the impact of the epidemic on global ports is temporary, where the resilience of ports has been significantly improved after the end of 2021, and most ports have recovered from the impact of the epidemic and have a positive trend in 2022. Meanwhile, the ports have a significant positive spatial correlation in response to the effect of the COVID-19 epidemic.