Genomic Evaluation of Coffea arabica and Its Wild Relative Coffea racemosa in Mozambique: Settling Resilience Keys for the Coffee Crop in the Context of Climate Change.

Climate change is negatively affecting the coffee value chain, with a direct effect on approximately 100 million people from 80 countries. This has been attributed to the high vulnerability of the two-mainstream species, and , to extreme weather events, with notable uneven increases in market prices. Taking into account the narrow genetic plasticity of the commercial coffee cultivars, wild-relatives and underutilized species are valuable genetic resources. In this work, we have assessed the occurrence of species in to understand the degree of genetic relationships between species in the country, as well as the patterns of genetic diversity, differentiation, and genetic structure. Only one wild species was found, , which showed a high level of genetic separation with , based on plastid, as well as SSR and SNP analysis. presented low levels of diversity likely related to their autogamous nature, while the allogamous presented higher levels of diversity and heterozygosity. The analysis of the functional pathways based on SNPs suggests that the stress signaling pathways are more robust in this species. This novel approach shows that it is vital to introduce more resilient species and increase genomic diversity in climate-smart practices.