OM-NAS: pigmented skin lesion image classification based on a neural architecture search.

Because pigmented skin lesion image classification based on manually designed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) requires abundant experience in neural network design and considerable parameter tuning, we proposed the macro operation mutation-based neural architecture search (OM-NAS) approach in order to automatically build a CNN for image classification of pigmented skin lesions. We first used an improved search space that was oriented toward cells and contained micro and macro operations. The macro operations include InceptionV1, Fire and other well-designed neural network modules. During the search process, an evolutionary algorithm based on macro operation mutation was employed to iteratively change the operation type and connection mode of parent cells so that the macro operation was inserted into the child cell similar to the injection of virus into host DNA. Ultimately, the searched best cells were stacked to build a CNN for the image classification of pigmented skin lesions, which was then assessed on the HAM10000 and ISIC2017 datasets. The test results showed that the CNN built with this approach was more accurate than or almost as accurate as state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches such as AmoebaNet, InceptionV3 + Attention and ARL-CNN in terms of image classification. The average sensitivity of this method on the HAM10000 and ISIC2017 datasets was 72.4% and 58.5%, respectively.