Gradual fracture of layers in laminated glass plates under low-velocity impact

Modeling of gradual fracture of individual layers of laminated glass produced by successive low-velocity impacts is presented. This subject is first examined experimentally focusing on fracture sequence of the laminate composed of three or four glass layers bonded by polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayers. While both laminate geometries, limited to four test samples, show a significant scatter in impact energies and breakage forces causing fracture as well as differences in fracture sequence with increasing impact height, they consistently support ability of partially damaged samples to withstand contact forces exceeding those leading to fracture of the previous glass layer. Also, the four-glass layer laminates seem to provide the post-fracture response consistent with the concept of a sacrificial-glass-ply design. However, many questions remain concerning stochastic behavior of glass laminates further promoted by the present experimental results. To open the door to probabilistic modeling, the present topic is addressed also computationally adopting the LS-DYNA software. It is illustrated that properly tuned com-putational model may provide results, which are comparable to experimental observations both in terms of contact forces and the resulting fracture patterns.CO 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.