Multiple Performances of Metal Contamination for Nickel, Vanadium and Iron on FCC Catalysts

The fundamental understanding of metal contamination, including nickel, vanadium and iron, is a key step in developing capability of metals tolerance and the recycling or resource utilization for fluid catalytic cracking ( FCC) catalysts. However, few studies have investigated the multiple performances of composite metal contamination at the level of real industrial equilibrium catalysts (E-Cat). This work investigates the single- and multiple metal contaminations at the level of E-Cat for nickel of 6970 mu g/g, vanadium of 4940 mu g/g and iron of 9228 mu g/g, respectively. The results indicate that the deposited Ni has least destructive effect to catalyst structure and activity, the deposited V contributes the most amount of weak or strong acids and the highest deactivation effect to the E-Cat, causing high coke yield but low liquid recovery. While the deposited Fe reduces most of the acidic sites due to surface iron nodules resulting in lower conversion and higher bottoms yield. Multiple metal deposition leads to the strong reduction for the specific surface area, pore volume and the acid amount, resulting in more serious performance than that of E-Cat. These results bridge the gap of multiple performances of composite metal contamination, providing fundamental insights for the interaction and tolerance of composite metal contamination on FCC catalysts.