Spatial Azimuthal Misalignment Characteristics of High-Temperature Superconducting Wireless Power Transmission Systems

Magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transmission technology (WPT) based on high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils has gained wide popularity due to its low impedance and high-quality factor Q value characteristics. This technology has greatly improved the energy transfer performance of wireless power transmission (WPT) systems. However, practical applications of conventional WPT, such as wireless charging of autonomous underwater vehicles at mooring points, often encounter spatial misalignment issues due to the complex ocean environment and ocean currents. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the spatial misalignment of HTS WPT systems, particularly the angular misalignment. This paper presents a solution to address this problem by constructing magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission systems based on HTS coils and copper coils. The study analyzes the relationship between the transmission efficiency of the WPT system and the received power of the load with respect to the spatial orientation of the coil. The performance of the superconducting coil and copper coil WPT systems is compared. The experimental results demonstrate that, under the same spatially misaligned conditions, the WPT system using HTS coils can significantly improve the transmission efficiency and load power compared to the conventional copper WPT system. Moreover, simultaneous adjustment of the lateral misalignment distance and different orientation deflection angles can improve the transmission efficiency and smooth load output power of the high-temperature superconducting WPT system.