Combining in silico and in vitro approaches to understand the involvement of methylerythritol 4-phosphate and shikimate pathways in Agrobacterium tumefaciens for enhanced coenzyme Q₁₀ production

Aims To perform an integrated comparative analysis of metabolic pathway to understand coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) production in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Methods and results Comparative analysis of the CoQ(10) metabolic pathway in 10 organisms using a genome to KEGG orthology program (G2KO) and the KEGG database elucidated the completeness of the production pathway in A. tumefaciens. The specific roles of the key precursors and the enzymes in the metabolic network were subsequently confirmed using pathway inhibitors and enhancers. While the use of fosmidomycin and glyphosate was found to inhibit CoQ(10) production by 54.54% to 99%, the supplementation of polyprenyl pyrophosphate of the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway and 4-hydroxybenzoate precursor of the shikimate pathway did increse the production of CoQ(10) by 2.3-fold. Conclusions The present study provides a comprehensive understanding of the CoQ(10) biosynthetic pathway in A. tumefaciens, which would assist rational metabolic engineering strategies for augmenting CoQ(10) biosynthesis.