Identifying necessary conditions to deep-tech entrepreneurship

Purpose - This paper aims to address which resources provided by an entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) are necessary for deep technology entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach - The authors used a novel approach known as necessary condition analysis (NCA) to data on EEs and deep-tech startups from 132 countries, collected in a global innovation index and Crunchbase data sets. The NCA makes it possible to identify whether an EEs resource is a necessary condition that enables entrepreneurship.Findings - Necessary conditions are related to political and business environment; education, research and development; general infrastructure; credit; trade; diversification and market size; and knowledge absorption capacity.Research limitations/implications - The results show that business and political environments are the most necessary conditions to drive deep-tech entrepreneurship.Practical implications - Policymakers could prioritize conditions that maximize entrepreneurial output levels rather than focusing on less necessary elements.Social implications - Some resources require less performance than others. So, policymakers should consider allocating policy efforts to strengthen resources that maximize output levels.Originality/value - Studies on deep-tech entrepreneurship are scarce. This study provides a bottleneck analysis that can guide the formulation of policies to support deep-tech entrepreneurship, as it allows to identify priority areas for resource allocation.