Polyphenol-Based Assembly Nanosystems as Multifunctional Biopharmaceutical Platform

Polyphenolic compounds are a diverse collection of secondary metabolites. They are present in nature and have potential therapeutic and medical value due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor activities, as well as antioxidant capacity. Moreover, polyphenolic compounds can bind to biological macromolecules (e.g., peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) through various interactions, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, pi interactions, metal-ligand bonds, and covalent bonds, in the presence of catechol and gallol moieties. This endows polyphenols with strong adhesion and provides diverse approaches for designing and constructing biopharmaceutical platforms using multifunctional polyphenol components. Herein, a review of the synthesis and characteristics of polyphenol-based bioactive assembly nanosystems by concentrating on the multi-interactions between polyphenols and biomacromolecules is demonstrated. The polyphenol-based bioactive assembly nanosystems exhibit remarkable versatility in a wide range of biological applications, including protein/antigen delivery, hemostasis, antimicrobial, gene therapy, and cell therapy. This may shed light on future developments in the field of bio-based medicine.