Exploring modern bathymetry: A comprehensive review of data acquisition devices, model accuracy, and interpolation techniques for enhanced underwater mapping

Building a high-precision bathymetry digital elevation model is essential for navigation planning, marine and lake resource planning, port construction, and underwater archaeological projects. However, existing bathymetry methods have yet to be effectively and comparatively analyzed. This paper comprehensively reviews state-of-the-art bathymetry methods, including data acquisition techniques, model accuracy, and interpolation algorithms for underwater terrain mapping. First, We assess the merits and drawbacks of novel data acquisition devices, such as single-beam/multi-beam echo sounders and light detection and ranging systems. After that, we analyze the accuracy of the ETOPO1, GEBCO_2022 and SRTM15 to provide valuable insights into their performance. Furthermore, we evaluate ANUDEM, Inverse Distance Weighting, Kriging and Nearest Neighbor interpolation algorithms in different underwater terrains by comparing their applicability, reliability, and accuracy in various underwater environments. Finally, we discuss the development trends and challenges in underwater bathymetry technology and offer a forward-looking perspective on the future of this essential field.