Network pharmacology and molecular docking prediction, combined with experimental validation to explore the potential mechanism of Qishen Yiqi pills against HF-related cognitive dysfunction

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Qishen Yiqi Pills (QSYQ) is a classical herbal formula for treating heart failure (HF) and has potential efficacy in improving cognitive function. The latter is one of the most common complications in patients with HF. However, there is no study on treating HF-related cognitive dysfunction by QSYQ. Aims of the study: The study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of QSYQ on treating post-HF cognitive dysfunction based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Materials and methods: Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking was used to explore endogenous targets of QSYQ in treating cognitive impairment. Ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery and sleep deprivation (SD) were used to induce HF-related cognitive dysfunction in rats. The efficacy and potential signal targets of QSYQ were then verified by functional evaluation, pathological staining, and molecular biology experiments. Results: 384 common targets were identified by intersecting QSYQ 'compound targets' and 'cognitive dysfunction' disease targets. KEGG analysis showed these targets were enriched to the cAMP signal, and four marks responsible for regulating the cAMP signal were successfully docked with core compounds of QSYQ. Animal experiments demonstrated that QSYQ significantly ameliorated cardiac function and cognitive function in rats suffering from HF and SD, inhibited the reduction of cAMP and BDNF content, reversed the upregulation of PDE4 and downregulation of CREB, suppressed the loss of neurons, and restored the expression of synaptic protein PSD95 in the hippocampus. Conclusion: This study clarified that QSYQ could improve HF-related cognitive dysfunction by modulating cAMPCREB-BDNF signals. It provides a rich basis for the potential mechanism of QSYQ in the treatment of heart failure with cognitive dysfunction.