Retrieval of Atmospheric Temperature Profile from Historical Data and Ground-Based Observations by Using a Machine Learning Algorithm.

The atmospheric temperature profile is an important parameter to describe the state of the atmosphere, and it is crucial to climate change research, weather forecasting, and atmospheric parameter retrieval. A machine learning algorithm that incorporates historical observations and ground-based measurements was developed in this study to retrieve the atmospheric temperature profile. Specifically, the deep learning network considered historical observations for the same period and temporally correlated temperature profiles. It combined multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and the convolutional neural network (CNN). MLP derived the features from the ground factors, and CNN captured the essential features associated with the temperature profiles at the current time from latent historical data. Then, the features of the two parts were concatenated to obtain the final network. The construction and parameters of the model were optimized to determine the best model configuration and retrieval performance. The results of the model were evaluated against those of other methods on the same dataset. The model showed a good retrieval precision, which was equivalent to a small retrieval bias, root-mean-square error, and mean absolute error at all altitudes. The analysis of the application of this model to the retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles indicates that the method is feasible.