Optical Technologies for Future Global Navigation Satellite Systems.

Accurate, robust and reliable positioning and timing has become crucial for a wide spectrum of applications. New technologies will further improve the services offered by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs). Optical technologies are promising candidates to achieve significant improvements in terms of accuracy, robustness and reliability of GNSSs in near future. First and foremost, optical inter-satellite links (OISLs) and optical clock technologies show enormous potential for future applications at the core of next generation GNSS architectures. Both technologies can be implemented independently from each other in current GNSS as the development lines may differ, in particular in terms of technology readiness. We will present different tracks on how optical key technologies could potentially be integrated in next generations of GNSS, and assess the corresponding improvements.