Michroplastic-Like Debris and Biomarkers in the Fish Pseudochondrostoma duriense: Preliminary Findings
Advances in Geoengineering, Geotechnologies, and Geoenvironment for Earth Systems and Sustainable Georesources Management(2023)
Abstract
The contamination of the freshwater fish Pseudochondrostoma duriense from the Minho River estuary by anthropogenic debris suspect of being microplastics (MP-S) was investigated. Biomarkers (neurotoxicity, energy-related, biotransformation, oxidative stress, and damage) were also determined. Twelve fish were analyzed for MP-S presence in the gastrointestinal tract (GT), gills, liver, and dorsal muscle. A total of 207 MP-S was recovered from fish with sizes between 79 and 48,900 µm (94% had size <5000 µm, and 6% were larger debris). The predominant shape was fiber-like (89%), followed by fragments (11%). The most common color was black/brown, but other colors were also found. The frequency of MP-S ingestion by fish was 100%. The frequency of specimens with MP-S in gills, liver, and muscle was 8%, 25%, and 25%, respectively. The means (±standard deviation) of the number of MP-S items per fish were 16 ± 9 in the GT, 0.3 ± 1.2 in gills, 0.3 ± 0.5 in the liver, 0.4 ± 0.8 in the muscle, 17 ± 9 in total. The results provide baseline values for P. duriense MP-S contamination and biomarkers in the Minho estuary, and further investigation concerning long-term contamination and climate changes is ongoing.
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Key words
Microplastics-like debris, Freshwater fish, Very high contamination, Baseline biomarkers
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