CD58 as a biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract BACKGROUND The glycoprotein CD58, is a co-stimulatory receptor distributed on a wide range of human tissue cells. CD2 interacts with CD58 to promote important adhesion between T cells and target cells and to induce signaling events involved in the regulation of T cell responses. However, the relevance of CD58 to the prognosis of different tumors and to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is unclear. RESULTS Analysis of CD58 expression through the Tumor Immune Evaluation Resource (TIMER) website and UALCAN, revealed meaningful differential expression of CD58 between hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) tumor tissue and normal tissue, with higher levels of CD58 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma than in normal tissue. We used Kaplan-Meier plotter and gene expression profiling interaction analysis (GEPIA) to assess the impact of CD58 on clinical prognosis and found that high CD58 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. The correlation between CD58 and tumor immune infiltration by TIMER revealed that CD58 expression was negatively correlated with tumor purity and positively correlated with the level of immune infiltration of B cell, Neutrophil, Macrophage, Myeloid dendritic cell and T cell CD4+. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between CD58 expression and the gene marker sets for immune infiltration using TIMER and GEPIA and found that in hepatocellular carcinoma, the expression levels of most monocytes, TAM, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, Th1, Th2 and Treg marker sets correlated strongly with CD58 expression in LIHC. CONCLUSION CD58 is associated with the level of immune infiltration and prognosis of B cell, Neutrophil, Macrophage, Myeloid dendritic cell, T cell CD4 + in a variety of tumors, especially in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, CD58 expression may help regulate the expression levels of most monocytes, TAM, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, Th1, Th2, and Treg marker groups in hepatocellular carcinoma. It is suggested that CD58 may be used as a biomarker to determine the prognosis and immune infiltration of hepatocellular carcinoma.