Immune Cell Infiltration Reveals Dynamic Changes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure

Abstract Heart failure is a global public health problem, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the pathologic processes which can develop into heart failure. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in typical pathway activity, sift and verify effective biomarkers for providing a possible way to block disease progression. The GSE32453 and GSE1145 data sets were analyzed by short time sequence expression (STEM) and CIBERSORT analysis. The module genes with high correlation were identified by co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) screening and differential analysis. The common genes were obtained by intersection analysis. The enrichment analysis of these genes and the protein interaction network (PPI) analysis were constructed. The area under the ROC (AUC) was calculated by selecting the genes with the top 100 degrees of connectivity in the PPI network, and the genes with AUC values greater than 0.99 were analyzed by intersection again in the GSE36961 and GSE2656 datasets, resulting in a T-test, and P < 0.05 was considered as a key gene. The activity of the immune-related pathway was up-regulated, and the activity of substance transport and signal transduction pathway was down-regulated. Toll and other typical pathways play an important role in disease development. Five genes, JAK2, PLCE1, CD86, MYB, and IL13RA1, were considered as biomarkers. Among the 22 immune cells, Naïve B Cells had the highest abundance, followed by Plasma cells and M2 macrophages.In the progression of HCM to HF, we identified several potential diagnostic genes and mechanisms for changes in typical pathway activity.