Incidence of urachal remnants in children according to age and their anatomic variants

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to elucidate the incidence of urachal remnants in children in relation to patient age as well as to identify their anatomic variants, using a laparoscopic view.Methods The medical records of 394 pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair were reviewed. Patients were divided into four groups based on their age at surgery. Using laparoscopic visualization, the presence and anatomic variants of urachal remnants were analyzed.Results A urachal remnant was confirmed in 140 children (35.5%). Although the incidence was significantly higher in the group of children aged < 1 year (63.2%) than in any other group, no significant difference in the incidence was observed between the groups aged ≥ 1 year. In 42 cases (10.7%), the urachal remnant merged into the lateral umbilical ligament.Conclusions Our results suggest a recommendation of nonoperative management of asymptomatic urachal remnants, especially in patients less than 1 year of age due to its probable spontaneous resolution. Knowledge of the anatomic variants could improve the accuracy of diagnosis of urachal remnants and the comprehension of its structure and localization for the achievement of accurate and complete excision.