Obstetric Anesthesia and Heart Disease: Practical Clinical Considerations

( Anesthesiology. 2021;135:164–183) Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the United States. Patients with congenital heart disease have better outcomes than patients with other types of heart disease. While guidelines addressing the diagnosis and management of heart disease in the obstetric population, there is little data to guide anesthetic management of these patients. This clinical review is a nonsystematic literature review aiming to provide guidance for obstetric anesthesiologists and anesthesiologists who care for obstetric patients.