Digital health technology to support staff and family caregivers caring for patients with cognitive impairment (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Digital health technology (DHT) is a promising way of supporting healthcare providers (HCPs) and family caregivers (FCs) as they care for patients with cognitive impairment (CI). OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to portray the use of DHT to assist HCPs and FCs in caring for patients with CI who live in the community or a facility. METHODS A scoping review of peer-reviewed scientific articles available in Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cinahl with Full Text, and grey literature available in preprint servers, theses depositories, and various national and international dementia organizations’ websites. The search yielded 975 results and the final number of studies included was 7. RESULTS The interventions included in the retrieved manuscripts were 2 interactive calendar reminder systems to support ADL and medication management; 2 apps on tablet to simulate the presence of family before therapy interventions; 1 social robot used in therapeutic sessions to include elements of musicotherapy, reminiscence, cognitive games, and relaxation; 1 commercially available computer system that provides access to various recreational leisure activities; and an online self-management support system that helps FCs deal with behaviour changes of a relative with dementia. Only one manuscript reported on the use of a behavioural change theory, namely a comprehensive process model of engagement coupled with cognitive stimulation therapy. CONCLUSIONS Literature on the topic is scarce, recent, and heterogeneous. There is a clear need for a theoretical framework to conceptualize and govern the use of behaviour change models that incorporate technology for patients with CI.