Genetically engineered bacteria: a novel technique for environmental decontamination

Environmental pollution is a serious issue that has a global impact on biodiversity, public health, and ecosystems. Environment contaminants, that is, radionuclides, toxic dyes, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere are major environmental health concerns. Conventional technology has been used to remediate pollutants in the present scenario but these procedures are costly, ineffectual, time-consuming, and harmful to the environment. In comparison, genetically engineered bacteria (GEB) are bio-based innovations that can provide a considerably safer, economical, and ecologically acceptable process for the remediation of contamination for a greener earth. Bacteria are the most successful life forms on the Earth. GEB are produced through recombinant DNA and RNA technologies by infusing microorganisms that produce a more powerful protein that enables the desired characteristic to be overexpressed by using biotechnology and genetic engineering. Environmental challenges may be solved via genetic engineering in a variety of ways such as the deployment of GEB in the field for bioremediation. The GEB can break down harmful contaminants in the environment. GEB have been extensively utilized to detect and absorb contaminants in drinking water. Several obstacles to overcome when it comes to releasing GEB in the field. In this book chapter, we have described the advancements and potential of GEB for constructing a sustainable environment for human happiness.