Industrial applications of enzymes from haloarchaea

The use of enzymes as biocatalysts is very well defined so far, but the role of these biomolecules in industrial chemical reactions is generally restricted to mild conditions of pH, temperature, pressure, ionic strength, etc. New advances in the understanding of haloarchaea physiology, metabolism, biochemistry, and molecular biology show that these kinds of microorganisms produce several enzymes with potential applications in industry and biotechnology. Among the main applications already described, the use of several dehydrogenases, amylases, agarases and reductases can be highlighted. The principal goal of the chapter is to present a review about the main characteristics of enzymes from haloarchaea, which are extremophilic enzymes, as well as their potential applications in industries related to cosmetics, textile, food production and processing and bioremediation-based processes. Advantages and disadvantages about their use at mid or large scale are also discussed.