Relational Ecological Model of Identity

Abstract. Although some scholars have extended the discussions on privilege and marginalization to include markers of identity that go beyond race/ethnicity, gender, and disability status, these attempts are still in their preliminary stages ( Black & Stone, 2011 ). Commonly accepted models for understanding identity (e.g., Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, Hays' ADDRESSING framework) have been developed by scholars in the West, with limited applicability for the unique aspects of identity development in other cultures. Additionally, these models are limited in their ability to account for complexities that have been brought about as a result of processes, including, but not limited to, globalization, urbanization, and affluence. This paper describes the different types of privileged and marginalized identities that operate in the Indian society and proposes a theoretical model for exploring identity development in India using a relational lens. Borrowing elements from existing models of identity formation and development, we highlight the commonalities as well as the unique aspects of identity in India that do not get completely captured by existing models. Therapists and trainees in the field of mental health could use the proposed model to explore the intersectionality of identities for themselves and their clients in therapy, and for their clients in their unique sociocultural and political contexts. Implications for education, training, and clinical practice are discussed.