Fungal organisms: A check for harmful algal blooms

Algal blooms, especially blue-green algae, are globally aquatic ecosystems and cause a gradual degeneration of the water's self-purification function. High temperatures and growing nutrient loads lead to excessive growth of algae. These mass developments affect water quality because they produce toxins and reduce oxygen concentration, sometimes leading to the death of fish and other aquatic organisms. In contrast, some fungal parasites help to slow down algal growth. The blooms can become sick when for instance, infected by fungal parasites. It has been found that these infections kill the algal blooms and make them easier to consume for their natural predators. Because of attributes, strategies to control algal development by organisms can be partitioned into two: techniques dependent on single-species microorganisms and techniques dependent on microbial aggregates, and four sorts: techniques for the fast decline of algal cells thickness (e.g., alga-bacterium and alga-parasite bio-flocculation), a hindrance to unsafe algal development, lysis of harmful algal growth (for example algicidal microorganisms, organisms, and actinomycete), and techniques dependent on microbial aggregates (periphytons and biofilms)—an integrative process of “flocculation-lysis-degradation-nutrients regulation. Harmful algal bloom possessions on water systems persuaded researchers to analyze appropriate methods to impede and regulate them. This chapter is designed to determine the fungal mechanism to control the huge mess of algal blooms affecting the environment and living organisms' health.