Lateral resistance of different sleepers for the resilience of CWR tracks

The resilience of the railway is a booming research topic in recent years, and lateral resistance is one of them, especially in extreme weather conditions or complex operation situations, such as a shared corridor or super high-speed railway. Resilience definition could be simply illustrated that is the ability recover to it is the initial state, and hereby it is the right essence to describe CWR correlated lateral resistance, the ability in abundance to counteracting buckling force. The chapter provides recommendations for the improvement of resilience of lateral resistance in extreme operation conditions developed by the BJTU team, research aiming for super high speed ballasted track of 400 km/h, long steep slope of Tibet railway, and sharp curve of heavy haul railway. Following an extensive review of previous work on the impact of lateral resistance, including ballast material, ballasted bed profile, and sleeper types, resilience reinforcement of lateral resistance innovation case studies were identified focus on sleeper level, and sleeper-ballast interactions of DEM investigations are given here.