The Effects of HCL Concentration and Ultrasound- Assisted on the Fabrication of Cellulose Nanocrystal Derived from Sugarcane Bagasse

Abstract The fabrication of Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from sugarcane baggasse (SCB) using acid hydrolysis at various concentrations (5, 10, 20, 25, and 30%) and ultrasound-assisted is presented in this paper. The fabricated CNCs were also thoroughly analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate surface functional groups and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate structural properties. The particle size distribution following the ultrasonication procedure was also measured using a particle size analyzer (PSA) in this investigation. The content of hemicellulose and lignin will decrease as the concentration of HCl in the hydrolysis process increase. On the other hand, the α-cellulose content was increasing. The best concentration of HCl is 20%. FTIR data shows that a sharper increase in intensity can be seen in the HCl 10% and HCl 20% samples. XRD data revealed that the crystal size was 2.732 nm and the index crystallinity of CNCs was 63,57%, while PSA analysis revealed that the average particle size was 125.1 nm.