Burden, Causes, and Outcomes of Hospitalization in Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis: A US National Cohort Study

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) has a relapsing-remitting course and is associated with a high burden of comorbidities, leading to repeated hospitalizations. This study was undertaken to investigate the burden, risk factors, causes, and outcomes of hospitalization and readmission in GCA patients in a US national cohort.Using the 2017 US National Readmission Database, we identified adults ≥50 years of age hospitalized with GCA between January and June 2017, with at least 6 months of follow-up. We estimated the burden of hospitalization including 6-month risk of readmission, total days spent in hospital, and costs, annually. We examined patient-, hospital-, and index hospitalization-related factors for 6-month readmission and total days of hospitalization using binomial logistic regression.Our study included 1,206 patients hospitalized with GCA (70% women, median age 77 years), with 13% of patients experiencing GCA-related ophthalmologic complications at index hospital admission. On follow-up, 3% died, and 34% of patients were readmitted within 6 months, primarily for infections (23%) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (15%). Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) of ≥1, smoking, and obesity were associated with readmission. GCA patients spent a median of 5 days/year in hospital (interquartile range [IQR] 3-11), with those in the top quartile spending 19 days/year in hospital (IQR 14-26).GCA patients frequently experience unplanned health care utilization, with 1 in 3 patients experiencing readmission within 6 months, and 3% dying within the follow-up period. Infection and CVDs are common causes of readmission and may be related to glucocorticoid exposure. Population health management strategies are required in these vulnerable GCA patients.