The walnut - constraints and advantages for a sustainable development

The Persian walnut or English walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a commonly grown species for nut production and noble wood. The nut is one of the oldest food and traditional medicine sources. The native and commercial walnut genotypes present a large diversity that differ widely in nut productivity and quality. However, genetic erosion poses a serious threat to this tree. Several researches of walnut genetic diversity are being carried out utilizing morphological, biochemical, and molecular approaches in order to select superior walnut cultivars of different agroclimatic areas to increase nut production and quality. Genetic resource evaluation and agrodiversity conservation have a major role in ensuring food security for future generations through a continuous supply of new rootstocks and improved cultivars.