Beneficial role of mitochondria & sirtuin-3 enzyme in Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurological disorder associated with the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantial nigra due to mitochondrial impairment.The available therapies cannot attenuate neurodegeneration. Recent studies support the mitochondrial dysfunction cascade in disease, increasing reactive oxygen species levels and triggering inflammatory mediators that lead to neuronal death. Mitochondrial sirtuins regulate energy metabolism and mitochondrial function and respond to cellular stress by releasing antioxidants. Especially,sirtuin-3 oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide deacetylase plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity and mitochondria biogenesis. Sirtuin-3 bind and deacetylate PTEN-induced kinase 1and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase to promote mitophagy. We hypothesized that Sirtuin-3 activation might protect dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinson's disease animal model. In this review, we focused on the availability of current treatment and their failure in Parkinson's disease; meanwhile, we discussed the importance of mitochondria and Sirtuin-3 activation as potential ways to delay neurodegeneration.