Functionality of bioactive lipids in cognitive function

Lipids are essential macronutrients for brain development, participating in their formation and function. Fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, linolenic acid, and linoleic acid, act directly on neurogenesis, synaptic processes, and dendritic reforestation, which in turn, will interfere with the cognitive and visual response. An adequate supply of these nutrients at all stages of life is necessary. However, during pregnancy and lactation, which is considered a critical phase in the development of the nervous system, the demand for these fatty acids is increased and their deficiency can cause damage to memory, learning, and behavior in the progeny that can be extended throughout adulthood. Thus, these factors are decisive for the proper development of the central nervous system: the quantity and quality of the fatty acids consumed in diet; and the phase in which the contribution should receive more attention, such early life.