Clinical Presentations of Lassa Fever in Non-Endemic Parts of the World: A Systematic Review

Background: Lassa fever cases outside Africa are seen as imported cases of Lassa fever. Timely diagnosis of imported Lassa fever is important for timely intervention necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with Lassa fever, and this requires the knowledge of the clinical manifestations of Lassa fever. Purpose: This review was done to see how clinical diagnosis of imported Lassa fever can be facilitated based on the clinical presentations of imported cases of Lassa fever in Lassa fever non-endemic region. Methods: The relevant articles for the review were obtained from the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: The clinical presentations of the imported Lassa fever cases consisted of multisystem involvement and were similar to those of Lassa fever patients who were treated in the Lassa fever endemic region. Conclusions: History of recent travel to, or residence in, Lassa fever endemic region is an important clue for clinical diagnosis of Lassa fever. The 2011 CDC surveillance case definition and the modified Khan case definition for Lassa fever may aid clinical diagnosis of Lassa fever. Any clinically suspected case of Lassa fever should have a laboratory confirmation.