Biofilms associated with biomedical implants and combating therapies

Biofilms are created by microscopic organisms such as bacteria and fungi, which are the communal cause of chronic infections in nosocomial and medical-device-related complications. Human symbiotes present in the normal microbiota tend to behave inversely upon implantation. These symbiotic microbes initiate the cell attachment in biomedical implants and cause polymicrobial biofilm formation, which is a root cause of chronic infections. Furthermore, aggressive bacteria infiltrating the host during device insertion surgery generate biofilm, which is responsible for creating increased virulence and causing substantial harm to the host’s regular metabolic cycles, resulting in prolonged morbidity. Biofilm in devices was treated using a variety of approaches, including antimicrobial treatment, nonadhesive nanocoating, and implant material modification to prevent biofilm attachment. This chapter lists the medical implants and their associated virulent biofilm formers with the possible research and therapies for combating biofilms.