Dose pulmonary hemorrhage increase the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants?

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between pulmonary hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs). Methods: The study participants were all VLBW newborns admitted from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. The finally included subjects were VLBWIs who survived to discharge. This study was divided into pulmonary hemorrhage group (PH group, n=33) and non-pulmonary hemorrhage group (Non-PH group, n=181). Results: By univariate analysis it was found that premature rupture of membranes, tracheal intubation in the delivery room, duration of mechanical ventilation, course of invasive ventilation (≥3 courses), pulmonary surfactant (>1 dose), medically and surgically treated patent ductus arteriosus, grade III-IV RDS, and early onset sepsis showed significant differences between groups (p<0.05). By univariate analysis, pulmonary hemorrhagedid not increase the risks of BPD and moderate to severe BPD. However, if the interference of invasive ventilation is excluded, pulmonary hemorrhage could increase the incidence of BPD (aOR=3.295, 95%CI1.183-9.179). Conclusion: Our data suggests that pulmonary hemorrhage is not associated with the development of BPD and moderate to severe BPD in VLBWIs.