Sjögren syndrome in childhood mimicking pediatric multiple sclerosis

Abstract The differential diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) presents a wide spectrum of diseases. Sjögren syndrome (SS) is also a rare cause of this disease. Neurological involvement in SS ranges from peripheral neuropathies to the central nervous system (CNS). We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with a possible diagnosis with SS based on positive minor salivary gland biopsy findings and positive anti-smooth muscle antibodies, also fulfilling the 2017 McDonald criteria. If a patient is younger and meets the MS criteria clinically and radiologically, it is suggested to carefully examine the CNS demyelination in a patient for autoimmune diseases, particularly SS.