Research on Optimal Allocation of Shared Energy Storage Considering Carbon Emission Cost of Different Users

Under the strategic goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, with the widespread application of distributed energy such as photovoltaic, the demand for energy storage systems has also increased sharply, and the installation of photovoltaic and energy storage by users will inevitably affect carbon emissions. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal allocation model of shared energy storage considering the carbon emission cost of different users. The upper layer takes the minimum annual total cost of multiple users as the objective function, including the annual electricity charge, basic electricity charge, photovoltaic and energy storage investment operation and maintenance cost, and carbon emission cost of the user, and optimizes the shared energy storage capacity and power expected to be installed by users. In the lower layer, the daily charge and discharge power of shared energy storage is optimized with the minimum daily operation scheduling cost as the objective function. Then, a benefit allocation method based on the relationship between the cost of energy storage installed by users alone and the total cost of multiple users is proposed. Finally, the superiority of the proposed method is verified through the optimization calculation of an example and the comparison with the user’s individual configuration of energy storage.