An Update on the Utilization of 2D and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging in Orthodontics

Background: Modern technology has quickly evolved the imaging tools used in orthodontics and dental sleep medicine. From 2D radiography to 3D imaging, radiology plays an important role in diagnosis and comprehensive treatment planning in orthodontics and dental sleep medicine.Types of studies reviewed: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and orthodontic textbooks were searched. The history of radiology in orthodontics, the current usage of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the future directions of orthodontics and airway applications with advancing technology were summarized.Results: CBCT was regarded as a reliable tool for assessment and management of complex orthodontic cases such as impacted teeth, TMJ evaluation, skeletal measurement and surgical diagnostic and treatment planning applications.Practical implications: CBCT can provide some insight into the diagnosis and treatment of the airway but should be used in conjunction with other clinical data. CBCT airway imaging plays a powerful role in our understanding of craniofacial structure and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and our decision-making process.