On the bramble way to Mg metal anodes in secondary Mg ion batteries

As a prospective alternative to lithium-ion batteries, rechargeable magnesium metal batteries (RMBs) have many unparalleled advantages, including direct use of Mg metal as the electrode; large nature abundance; intrinsically safe merits; high theoretical volumetric capacity. Nonetheless, there exist a large number of challenges on electrodes for their applications. Among them, surface passivation, uneven deposition/dissolution, and corrosion are critical issues that severely hinder the development of Mg anodes in RMBs. This review gives a specific, comprehensive, and in-depth summary of mechanisms relative to these problems. Subsequently, it displays the protection progresses of the Mg metal anode via threedimensional host nanostructure fabrication, Mg alloys anode design, current collector modification, artificial solid-electrolyte interphase construction, and electrolyte optimization. Finally, future perspectives and outlooks in developing the other blossom of these strategies for rechargeable Mg batteries are also discussed. This overview provides significant guidance for designing and fabricating high-performance Mg metal anodes in secondary Mg batteries and boosting their commercial applications.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.