Optimization of DC motor speed control system using linear quadratic regulator and PID Ziegler-Nichols with particle swarm optimization approach

DC motors are widely used in everyday and industrial applications because they are easy to apply. DC motors are often used in applications that require a wide speed range, so to maximize the performance of the DC motor, a PID controller is used. However, to determine the parameters of Kp, Ki and Kd on the PID is still done by trial-error tuning. For this reason, this research uses the method of tuning the PID parameters by means of the Ziegler-Nichols method and the intelligent method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to determine the appropriate parameters of PID. Besides that, the optimization method also used in the control system is the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). These three controllers will be compared to see the response speed reaches steady state. From the test simulation, it is found that the PID-PSO controller has the best performance in terms of rise time and settling time response. Therefore, by using PID-PSO controller the system will reach steady state faster.