Part 2. A systematic review of formative assessment in language learning

A Systematic Review (SR) is “the art and science of identifying, selecting, and [synthesising] primary research studies to provide a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of the topic being studied” (Oakley, 2012, cited in Crompton, Burke, & Gregory, 2017, p. 5). According to Crompton, Burke, and Lin (2019), an SR “can uncover new trends and additional findings” (p. 5). In the case of Formative Assessment (FA) research, scholars aggregate findings to gain a better understanding of how FA is supporting Language Learning (LL) (Bachelor & Bachelor, 2016; Graham, Harris, & Hebert, 2011; Jian & Luo, 2014; Saoud, 2016; Widiastuti & Saukah, 2017; Wolf, Shore, & Blood, 2014).