Assessment of ecosystems water yield services based on RS and GIS of new urban areas in Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China

Ecosystem services are closely linked to human well-being and therefore are receiving increasing attention. Industrial water shortage and resource-based water shortage coexist in the watershed area of central Guizhou Province. Taking Guanshanhu District in the central Guizhou Province as the research object, this article applied remote sensing images, meteorological data and soil datasets as data sources, with the help of several empirical models and GIS spatial analysis to analyze the change of ecosystems and their water yield services in 2000, 2010 and 2020. The results showed that the artificial surface had been growing rapidly, from 1146.82 hm² in 2000 to 7544.29 hm² in 2020. The area of farmland ecosystem had decreased continuously from 13308.29 hm² in 2000 to 6342.33 hm² in 2020. The area of forest and grassland ecosystem had increased from 14876.12 hm² in 2000 to 17205.08 hm² in 2010, but decreased to 13937.54 hm² in 2020. The wetland ecosystem had no significant change. The water yield depth ranks as: artificial surface < farmland < grassland < forest < wetland. The total water yield in 2020 was the largest, which was 2.13 × 10⁸m³. The ecosystem contributed the most to the total water yield in 2000 was the farmland, which was 0.90 × 10⁸m³. In 2010 and 2020, the ecosystem contributed the most was the forest ecosystem, which was 0.86 × 10⁸m³ and 0.92 × 10⁸m³ respectively. Quantitative research on water yield services can provide strong support for regional water ecological security construction and regional water resources management.