Introduction to Himalayan region and wild edible diversity

Wild edible plants are an important source of nutrition and are known to ensure food security all over the globe. Among various parts of the world, the use of bio-resources such as wild edible fruits and berries is evident in the mountain region by the mountainous communities. Among mountains, Himalayas represents 4 out of 36 global biodiversity hotspots, thus have global significance and need special attention towards biodiversity conservation and management. Wild edible plants in the Himalayan region are one of those bio-resources that are untapped and need special attention to address various issues related to food insecurity, sustainable harvesting, and sustainable use. Therefore, understanding the role of wild edible fruits and berries in ensuring food security and livelihood options in the Himalayan region is essential and needed. Understanding of diversity, distribution, availability, traditional use practices, nutraceutical & nutritional properties, cultivation practices, demand, supply & marketing, and conservation & management of high-value plant species thus becomes vital for mainstreaming wild bio-resources for sustainable development. This chapter provides information regarding the Himalayan region, its biodiversity, diversity of wild edible berries and fruits, identified research gaps, etc.