Applications of Nanomaterials in Liquid Biofuels Production

Liquid biofuels are mainly used as fuels in power generation and transportation sectors. The common liquid biofuels include biooil, bioethanol, and biodiesel. Nanomaterials are gaining more significance today mainly because of their large surface area and reusability. The present review focuses on the application of nanomaterials in the production of liquid biofuels. Woody biomass, agricultural and agro-industrial residues, aquatic and marine biomass, animal residues, and waste generated from large-scale commercial activities are the feedstocks to produce liquid biofuels. Biooil is produced by either pyrolysis or liquefaction of biomass, whereas bioethanol and biodiesel are produced by fermentation and transesterification of biomass, respectively.