Sentinel-1 time series analysis on central amazon floods

This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of the flooded areas of the Sentinel 1-SAR time series in a section of the Central Amazon between September 26, 2016, and February 8, 2020. The total of images was 59 for each polarization. In addition, the study calculated the average ordinary flood line (ALOF) from the heights of the fluviometric rulers between the years 1967 to 2020 and compared it with the values present in the radar time series. The pre-processing of the Sentinel-1 time series in the VV and VH polarizations used the following methodological sequence: Apply Orbit File, Radiometric Calibration (σ0), Range-Doppler Terrain Correction, Speckle Filter, and conversion to decibels (dB). The previous analysis of the adaptive filters showed different results for the two polarizations, obtaining the best result for the VV polarization using the Frost filter with 3x3 and the VH polarization with the Lee filter 3x3. The extraction of water bodies and wetlands used a threshold value, making masks for the entire period. The most considerable extent of the floodable area occurred on June 17, 2019, with 6,611.86 km2, representing 16.42% of the SAR scene in the VH polarization and 6,443.19 km2, representing 16.10% of the SAR scene in the VV polarization. The relationship between the VH and VV wetlands to the ruler's height was satisfactory, with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.79 in the VH polarization and of 0.64 in the VV polarization and a p-value less than 0.05. Keywords: Remote sensing; Radar; Mapping of Water Bodies.