A study on a hybrid SERS substrates based on arrayed gold nanoparticle/graphene/copper cone cavities fabricated by a conical tip indentation

The pesticide residues with low concentration are important to detect in food safety. Although a lot of methods, such as spectrophotometry, colorimetry and liquid chroma-tography, are used to detect pesticide residues, they often suffer from low efficiency and long detection time. Here, a hybrid Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate, namely, Au nanoparticle/copper-based graphene/arrayed cone cavities (Au@GR@Cu cone cavities), is fabricated for pesticide residues detection through sputtering Au nanoparticle and generating periodical cone cavity structures on the copper-based graphene surface. By actively controlling the interspace between adjacent cone cavities, both surface topogra-phies and the number of graphene layers on the SERS substrate could be modulated, creating an effective control on the functional performance of the SERS substrate. Both sensitivity and reliability of the hybrid SERS substrate were evaluated by Raman Spec-troscopy detection. The experimental results indicated that both 10-9 mol/L malachite green and 10-7 mol/L paraquat could be detected, respectively. Moreover, the detected Raman intensity of malachite green only dropped by 11.89% in a month and 29.8% in two months, respectively. The hotspot distribution was also characterized by 2-dimensional Raman mapping. The research finding is expected to provide a new insight in develop-ment of innovative SERS substrates. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).